Cooking equipment
- A flexible digester-system where all modern pulping processes can be carried out with injections, withdrawal and displacement of cooking liquor/s at controlled compositions, temperatures and pressures. The digester-system consists of a digester (1 kg a d wood) with forced circulation and includes four liquor tanks; two with both internal steam heating coils and electrical heating. Two of the tanks can be pressurized to 20 bar. An atmospheric tank to simulate the counter-current cooking systems can also be connected to the digester. This pilot is equipped with ceramic membranes that can be used for fractionation of black liquor at full cooking temperature.
A flexible forced-circulation digester system with a capacity of 1 kg a.d. wood.
The flexible 1 kg a.d digester can also be used in 500 g a.d scale to study the:
- Impact of simultaneous shearing and compression forces on pulp strength potential
- Impact of wood chip size distribution on liquor pressure-drop during delignification.
- Influence of chip column pressure on compaction of the chip column
- Effect of different raw material assortments on hydraulics and materials-exchange processes during delignification.
Outline of compression and shearing digester, uncompressed state
- Digester with forced circulation for 2 kg a d wood.
- Pilot digester for 40 kg a.d wood or other biomass with forced circulation and 250 - 300 L liquid. Heating through indirect heat exchange water-steam. Main applications are to produce large volumes of cooking liquor and pre-treatment liquids in alkaline or acidic conditions as well as pulp fibres or other materials. Temperatures up to 170 °C and liquor-to-wood ratio 6:1 or higher.
The steam-heated, forced liquor circulation batch digester capable of processing 40 kg wood/batch
- A flow-through digester for 200 g a d wood, giving full control of the cooking liquor composition during the cook. We can thereby study the influence of e.g. liquor composition, ionic strength and sulfidity on pulp properties in each phase of the cook.
- Autoclaves of different sizes, from 5 to 300 g a d wood. The autoclaves are heated electrically or by indirect steam in a glycol bath.
Equipment for cooking operations are summarized below.
|
Digester volume
(l) |
Max pressure (bar) |
Charge of wood (kg) |
Remarks |
|
20 |
19 |
2 |
Forced circulation* |
|
10 |
18 |
1 |
Forced circulation connected with tanks* |
|
1-2.5 |
15-50 |
0.1-0.3 |
Polyglycol bath |
|
1.5 |
20 |
0.2 |
Flow-trough |
|
1 |
100 |
0.02 |
Polyglycol bath
Liquid supply/sampling |
|
0.15 |
20 |
0.02 |
Polyglycol bath |
|
0.1-0.15 |
100 |
Model substances |
Electrically heated |
|
0.025 |
20 |
0.05 |
Electrically heated |
* Equipment included for fractionation of black liquor at full cooking temperature.
Sprout Waldron refiner
Pulps with high kappa number can be defibrated in a laboratory refiner. The refining is mostly made in water at room temperature but it´s possible to use other solutions and temperatures if wanted, up to a maximum of 80 degrees C. The refining slit is adjustable between 0.15 - 0.5 mm.
Oxygen delignification and bleaching equipment
Innventia has equipment for all types of laboratory scale pulp bleaching of chemical pulp, from bleaching with chlorine and hypochlorite to modern sequences including multi-stage oxygen delignification with different configurations and bleaching with ozon and peracetic acid.
The table below summarizes some technical data of the Innventia equipment for oxygen delignification and bleaching operations.
| Reactor |
Volume
(l) |
Pulp Sample
(g) |
Consistency
(%) |
Max. temp.
(°C) |
Max. press.
(bar) |
Remarks |
| High intensity mixer |
0.8 |
80 |
10 |
95 |
3 |
Water jacketted, teflon coated |
| Rotating vessels |
1-3, 13 |
40, 200 |
40 |
room |
atm |
Ozone |
| Autoclaves |
1-2.5 |
10-125 |
12 |
180-200 |
10-30 |
Polyglycol bath/electrically heated, teflon coated |
| Polyethylene bags |
≤2.5 |
10-200 |
3-10 |
95 |
atm |
Water bath |
Oxygen delignification and hydrogen peroxide bleaching at high temperature
> 100 °C and at high pressure is carried out in rotating teflon coated autoclaves. Oxygen delignifications can be performed with different multi-stage configurations.
For liquid bleaching stages (chlorine dioxide (D), hydrogen peroxide (P), peracetic acid (Paa)) and treatment with chelating agents (Q) at bleaching temperatures below 100 °C the more conventional and established technique with polyethylene bags is used.
Ozonation at high consistency, 40 %, takes place in different kinds of rotating vessels.