Furnishes involving recycled fibre can be upgraded by means of new technologies for removing impurities at the earliest process stages, where particles are comparatively large and easy to remove. This allows subsequent process stages to be simplified, resulting in compact overall processes characterised by fewer unit operations. Such processes are more predictable, more energy-efficient and less capital-intensive than conventional solutions.

Hydrocyclone fractionation can subsequently be used to separate fibres into sub-streams on the basis of their structural strength and other properties. This allows energy-intensive fibre treatments to be limited to the sub-streams that require them.